What is Topiary?
Topiary is the art of shaping trees and shrubs into ornamental forms. This practice dates back centuries, with historical records showing its use in ancient civilisations. Today, topiary continues to be a popular way to add structure, interest, and a touch of whimsy to gardens. From classic geometric shapes to playful animal figures, topiary allows you to express your creativity and transform your garden into a sculpted haven.
The Best Plants For Topiary
Not every plant is suited for topiary. To achieve those clean, defined shapes, you need a plant that meets certain criteria. Here are some key characteristics to look for:
Dense foliage:
Plants with close-growing leaves will give you a fuller, more finished look. Boxwood (Buxus) is a classic topiary choice due to its dense, evergreen foliage that responds well to pruning. Other options include yew (Taxus), holly (Ilex), and privet (Ligustrum).
Slow growth rate:
Frequent trimming is essential for maintaining a topiary shape. Plants with a slow growth habit require less pruning, making them easier to manage, especially for beginners.
Good branching structure:
A strong branching structure provides a good foundation for shaping the plant. Look for plants with multiple stems that grow evenly.
Basic Techniques For Topiary Clipping
Before you start wielding your shears, it's important to understand some basic topiary clipping techniques. Here are some key things to remember:
Start small:
As a beginner, it's best to begin with small, simple shapes like spheres or cubes. This allows you to develop your skills and confidence before tackling more intricate designs.
Sharp tools are essential:
Use sharp pruning shears or secateurs to ensure clean cuts that heal quickly. Dull tools can damage the plant and promote disease.
Less is more:
It's better to take small, frequent trims than to try and remove a large amount of foliage at once. This helps maintain the shape and promotes bushier growth.
Visualise the final form:
Before you start clipping, have a clear image of the desired shape in mind. You can use templates or even create a wireframe to guide your pruning.
Work from top to bottom:
Start by shaping the top portion of the plant and work your way down the sides. This ensures a clean, even finish.
Step back and assess:
Regularly step back from your work to assess its overall shape and make any necessary adjustments.
Popular Topiary Shapes for Beginners
Now that you're armed with the basics let's explore some popular topiary shapes that are perfect for beginners:
Spheres:
This classic shape is a great starting point due to its simplicity. Start with a boxwood or yew plant with a rounded form, and use your shears to refine the shape into a perfect sphere.
Cubes:
Another beginner-friendly option, cubes add a touch of modern elegance to your garden. Prune the sides and top of the plant to create a clean, square shape.
Pom Poms:
For a playful touch, try shaping boxwood or yew into pom poms. Start with a spherical shape and then gently prune the top and bottom to create a fluffy ball effect.
Lollipops:
This whimsical shape is surprisingly easy to achieve. Simply create a standard topiary by pruning a single trunk upwards and then shape a ball at the top.
Spirals:
While spirals may seem intricate, they're actually a great option for beginners. Choose a plant with a single, central leader and prune away side branches in a continuous spiral pattern.
With a little practice, patience, and the right plant selection, you can master basic topiary shapes and transform your garden into a unique and captivating space.